Jump to content

1965 Formula One season

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from 1965 Formula One)

Jim Clark won his second and final championship, driving a Lotus-Climax.

The 1965 Formula One season was the 19th season of FIA Formula One racing. It featured the 16th World Championship of Drivers, the 8th International Cup for F1 Manufacturers, and seven non-championship races open to Formula One cars. The World Championship was contested over ten races between 1 January and 24 October 1965.

Jim Clark won the Drivers' Championship in a Lotus-Climax.[1] It was his second and last championship. Lotus were also awarded the International Cup for F1 Manufacturers for the second time.[2]

Teams and drivers

[edit]

The following teams and drivers competed in the 1965 FIA World Championship.

Entrant Constructor Chassis Engine Tyre Driver Rounds
Italy Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC
United States North American Racing Team
Ferrari 158
1512
Ferrari 205B 1.5 V8
Ferrari 207 1.5 F12
D United Kingdom John Surtees 1–8
Italy Lorenzo Bandini All
Italy Nino Vaccarella 8
Mexico Pedro Rodríguez 9–10
United States Bob Bondurant 9
Italy Ludovico Scarfiotti 10
United Kingdom Owen Racing Organisation BRM P261 BRM P56 1.5 V8 D United Kingdom Graham Hill All
United Kingdom Jackie Stewart All
United Kingdom Team Lotus Lotus-Climax 33
25
Climax FWMV 1.5 V8 D United Kingdom Jim Clark 1, 3–10
United Kingdom Mike Spence 1, 3–10
West Germany Gerhard Mitter 7
Italy Geki 8
Mexico Moisés Solana 9–10
United Kingdom Brabham Racing Organisation Brabham-Climax BT7
BT11
Climax FWMV 1.5 V8 G Australia Jack Brabham 1–3, 5, 7, 9–10
United States Dan Gurney 1, 3–10
New Zealand Denny Hulme 2, 4–8
Italy Giancarlo Baghetti 8
United Kingdom Cooper Car Company Cooper-Climax T77
T73
Climax FWMV 1.5 V8 D New Zealand Bruce McLaren All
Austria Jochen Rindt All
United Kingdom R.R.C. Walker Racing Team Brabham-Climax BT7 Climax FWMV 1.5 V8 D Sweden Jo Bonnier All
Brabham-BRM BT11 BRM P56 1.5 V8 Switzerland Jo Siffert All
United Kingdom DW Racing Enterprises Brabham-Climax BT11 Climax FWMV 1.5 V8 D United Kingdom Bob Anderson 1–7
Lotus-Climax 33 Australia Paul Hawkins 2, 7
United Kingdom Reg Parnell Racing Lotus-BRM 25
33
BRM P56 1.5 V8 D South Africa Tony Maggs 1
United Kingdom Richard Attwood 2–3, 5–10
United Kingdom Mike Hailwood 2
United Kingdom Innes Ireland 3–6, 8–10
New Zealand Chris Amon 4, 7
United States Bob Bondurant 10
United Kingdom John Willment Automobiles Brabham-BRM BT11 BRM P56 1.5 V8 D Australia Frank Gardner 1–3, 5–8
Brabham-Ford BT10 Ford 109E 1.5 L4 Australia Paul Hawkins 1
Rhodesia John Love Cooper-Climax T55 Climax FPF 1.5 L4 D Rhodesia John Love 1
United Kingdom David Prophet Brabham-Ford BT10 Ford 109E 1.5 L4 D United Kingdom David Prophet 1
South Africa Otelle Nucci Alfa Special-Alfa Romeo Special Alfa Romeo Giulietta 1.5 L4 D South Africa Peter de Klerk 1
LDS-Climax Mk2 Climax FPF 1.5 L4 South Africa Doug Serrurier 1
South Africa Lawson Organisation Lotus-Climax 21 Climax FPF 1.5 L4 D South Africa Ernie Pieterse 1
South Africa Scuderia Scribante Lotus-Climax 21 Climax FPF 1.5 L4 D South Africa Neville Lederle 1
Rhodesia Clive Puzey Motors Lotus-Climax 18/21 Climax FPF 1.5 L4 D Rhodesia Clive Puzey 1
Rhodesia Sam Tingle LDS-Alfa Romeo Mk2 Alfa Romeo Giulietta 1.5 L4 D Rhodesia Sam Tingle 1
South Africa Ted Lanfear Lotus-Ford 22 Ford 109E 1.5 L4 D South Africa Brausch Niemann 1
South Africa Trevor Blokdyk Cooper-Ford T59 Ford 109E 1.5 L4 D South Africa Trevor Blokdyk 1
South Africa Jackie Pretorius LDS-Alfa Romeo Mk1 Alfa Romeo Giulietta 1.5 L4 D South Africa Jackie Pretorius 1
South Africa Ecurie Tomahawk Lotus-Ford 20 Ford 109E 1.5 L4 D South Africa Dave Charlton 1
Japan Honda R & D Company Honda RA272 Honda RA272E 1.5 V12 G United States Ronnie Bucknum 2–4, 8–10
United States Richie Ginther 2–6, 8–10
Italy Scuderia Centro Sud BRM P57 BRM P56 1.5 V8 D Belgium Lucien Bianchi 3
Belgium Willy Mairesse 3
United States Masten Gregory 3, 5, 7–8
Italy Roberto Bussinello 7–8
Italy Giorgio Bassi 8
United Kingdom Bob Gerard Racing Cooper-Climax T60 Climax FWMV 1.5 V8 D United Kingdom John Rhodes 5
Cooper-Ford T71/73 Ford 109E 1.5 L4 United Kingdom Alan Rollinson 5
United Kingdom Ian Raby Racing Brabham-BRM BT3 BRM P56 1.5 V8 D United Kingdom Ian Raby 5, 7
New Zealand Chris Amon 5
United Kingdom Brian Gubby Lotus-Climax 24 Climax FWMV 1.5 V8 D United Kingdom Brian Gubby 5

Driver changes

[edit]

Three future champions made their debuts in 1965:

Calendar

[edit]
Round Grand Prix Circuit Date
1 South African Grand Prix South Africa Prince George Circuit, East London 1 January
2 Monaco Grand Prix Monaco Circuit de Monaco, Monte Carlo 30 May
3 Belgian Grand Prix Belgium Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Stavelot 13 June
4 French Grand Prix France Charade Circuit, Clermont-Ferrand 27 June
5 British Grand Prix United Kingdom Silverstone Circuit, Silverstone 10 July
6 Dutch Grand Prix Netherlands Circuit Zandvoort, Zandvoort 18 July
7 German Grand Prix West Germany Nürburgring, Nürburg 1 August
8 Italian Grand Prix Italy Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, Monza 12 September
9 United States Grand Prix United States Watkins Glen International, New York 3 October
10 Mexican Grand Prix Mexico Magdalena Mixhuca, Mexico City 24 October

Calendar changes

[edit]

Championship report

[edit]

Rounds 1 to 3

[edit]

For the first time, the championship started in South Africa, and it did on the very first day of the year. Sixteen drivers were invited to the event and guaranteed a place on the grid. There were four places remaining, but fourteen drivers applied. Through pre-qualifying and subsequent qualifying, the grid was filled. The drivers started in order of their fastest qualifying times: 1963 champion Jim Clark in his Lotus-Climax was on pole position, ahead of 1964 champion John Surtees (Ferrari) and 1959 and 1960 champion Jack Brabham (Brabham). After the start, Clark led away with his teammate Mike Spence up to second. Not many changes in positions happened after that, until Brabham's engine started misfiring, leaking oil, and sending Spence in a spin on the next lap. The podium was taken by Clark, Surtees and 1962 champion Graham Hill (BRM). Spence and Brabham finished fourth and eighth, respectively.[4]

Just short of a full five months later, the Monaco Grand Prix was held and for this race, the organisers guaranteed one place on the grid for each factory team. The rest of the applicants had to be fast enough during qualifying to gain a starting ticket. In disagreement, Lotus decided to withdraw from the event, instead entering the Indianapolis 500 a day later. Hill started on pole position, ahead of Brabham and Hill's teammate Jackie Stewart. Brabham fell back and the two BRMs led away. Hill lost a lot of time when he had to avoid a backmarker, going up the escape road and having to push his car back onto the track. On lap 30, Stewart spun coming out of the fastest corner, before Brabham's Climax engine seized. Hill made it back into the lead, ahead of the Ferraris of Bandini and Surtees. Richard Attwood crashed in the hairpin, the leaders narrowly avoiding him, before Paul Hawkins crashed into the harbour. His car sank to the bottom but Hawkins was unhurt, as was Attwood. Hill took the win, ahead of Bandini and Stewart, after Surtees ran out of fuel with a lap to go.[5]

For the Belgian Grand Prix, Hill started on pole again, ahead of Clark and Stewart. Rain fell and everyone held a safe distance from the car in front, expect Clark, who took the lead through the most dangerous corner on the track, the Masta Kink. He quickly pulled out a big lead and even lapped Hill. Stewart finished second, ahead of Bruce McLaren, Brabham and Hill. Attwood crashed at Masta, his Lotus breaking in half and catching fire, but the driver escaping with only minor burns.[6]

After his Grand Slam in Belgium, Jim Clark (Lotus) was leading the Drivers' Championship with 18 points, ahead of Graham Hill (BRM, 15) and debutant Jackie Stewart (BRM, 11). In the Manufacturers' Championship, BRM was leading with 19 points, ahead of Lotus (18) and Ferrari (12).

Rounds 4 to 7

[edit]

The French Grand Prix was run for the first time at the Circuit de Charade, which was described as a quicker, twistier version of the Nürburgring.[7] Championship leader Jim Clark qualified his Lotus on pole position, ahead of two "number two drivers": Jackie Stewart (BRM) and Lorenzo Bandini (Ferrari). Their respective team leaders, Graham Hill and John Surtees, started thirteenth and fourth. Except from Bandini's accident on lap 36, the race finished as it started: Clark claimed another Grand Slam victory, ahead of Stewart and Surtees. Hill recovered to fifth.[8]

The British Grand Prix was run at Silverstone, where Clark scored another pole position, ahead of Hill and Honda driver Richie Ginther. At the start, Ginther challenged Clark for the lead, but fell back to fourth and then retired on lap 26. Surtees was fighting for third place against Lotus driver Mike Spence, while his team leader suddenly slowed down. The Climax engine was losing oil and Clark was coasting round the corners, only using power on the straights. Hill did anything within his might to chase his rival down, but the Lotus hang on to finish with 3 seconds to spare. Surtees came in third.[9]

The start of the Dutch Grand Prix

The Dutch Grand Prix was run just a week later and all eyes were on Clark. It was his rival Hill, however, that scored pole position. Clark started in second, Ginther again in third. Moments before the flag fell, Lotus team owner Colin Chapman was involved in a brawl with the Dutch police. It would result in his arrest and a two-day imprisonment. The race went on unhindered, however, and saw Ginther take the lead. On lap 5, Hill and Clark were back at the front, with the Lotus soon getting ahead. Hill then lost second place to his teammate Stewart and third place to Brabham driver Dan Gurney. Clark scored his fifth win of the season, ahead of Stewart, his fourth podium, and Gurney, his first podium of the year.[10]

It was Clark on top again during qualifying for the German Grand Prix, with more than 3 seconds over the BRMs of Stewart and Hill. At the start, Surtees's gearbox went wrong and he fell back. It would lead to his retirement on lap 11. Clark and Hill were fighting for the lead, while Stewart's suspension failed and he handed third place to Gurney. Clark broke the lap record a couple of times and won his fifth consecutive race. It was the first time since Jack Brabham in 1960 that a driver achieved this feat. Hill was second, Gurney third.[11]

Jim Clark (Lotus) was still leading the Drivers' Championship, now at 54 points, ahead of Graham Hill (BRM, 30) and Jackie Stewart (BRM, 25). Hill would have to win the remaining three races to prevent Clark from becoming champion. In the Manufacturers' Championship, Lotus led with 54 points, ahead of BRM (39) and Scuderia Ferrari (21).

Rounds 8 to 10

[edit]
Jackie Stewart won the Italian Grand Prix in his debut season.

Championship favourite Jim Clark (Lotus) achieved his fifth pole position of the year at the Italian Grand Prix, ahead of John Surtees for Ferrari and Jackie Stewart for BRM. At the start, Surtees had problems with his clutch, so Clark and Stewart were followed by Graham Hill, who had to finish first to stay in the race for the championship. The top three were engaged in a slipstream battle and the lead changed hands lap after lap. With ten laps to go, Clark suddenly stopped with a failing fuel pump, so Hill and Stewart were free to fight over the win in equal machinery. Going into the last lap, Hill touched the grass with his outer wheels, almost spinning but certainly valuable seconds. Stewart won his first race, with Hill in second and Dan Gurney in third. Despite Clark's retirement, Hill's second place meant that the 1965 championship was now decided.[12]

Hill started on pole for the United States Grand Prix, ahead of Clark and Honda driver Richie Ginther. Clark quickly grabbed the lead but soon retired with a broken piston. As it had happened more often, Ginther fell back, while his American rival Gurney went up the order. He came within four seconds of Hill when the Brit slid off the track, but when he made a mistake himself, his team leader Jack Brabham took second place. The Australian challenged Hill for the lead, but was unable to get by, and then became the third top-runner to take to the grass. The order at the finish was Hill, Gurney, Brabham. Lotus clinched the Manufacturers' Championship, seeing that BRM could no longer catch them in the last race. [13]

The season ended with the Mexican Grand Prix, where Clark scored another pole position, ahead of Americans Gurney and Ginther. The Honda driver took the lead at the start, while Stewart got up to second, before being passed by Mike Spence. His teammate Clark suffered his third consecutive retirement, before Stewart went out at the half-way point, and Hill's engine gave out with ten laps to go. Gurney passed Spence for second place and came within 3 seconds of the leader, but Ginther held on to his and Honda's first win.[14]

Jim Clark (Lotus) was awarded the 1965 Drivers' Championship after scoring 54 points, ahead of Graham Hill (BRM, 40) and Jackie Stewart (BRM, 33). Lotus clinched the Manufacturers' Championship as well, with 54 points, ahead of BRM (45), with Brabham just overtaking Ferrari for third place (27 and 26 points, respectively).

Results and standings

[edit]

Grands Prix

[edit]
Round Grand Prix Pole position Fastest lap Winning driver Winning constructor Tyre Report
1 South Africa South African Grand Prix United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Lotus-Climax D Report
2 Monaco Monaco Grand Prix United Kingdom Graham Hill United Kingdom Graham Hill United Kingdom Graham Hill United Kingdom BRM D Report
3 Belgium Belgian Grand Prix United Kingdom Graham Hill United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Lotus-Climax D Report
4 France French Grand Prix United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Lotus-Climax D Report
5 United Kingdom British Grand Prix United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Graham Hill United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Lotus-Climax D Report
6 Netherlands Dutch Grand Prix United Kingdom Graham Hill United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Lotus-Climax D Report
7 West Germany German Grand Prix United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Lotus-Climax D Report
8 Italy Italian Grand Prix United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Jackie Stewart United Kingdom BRM D Report
9 United States United States Grand Prix United Kingdom Graham Hill United Kingdom Graham Hill United Kingdom Graham Hill United Kingdom BRM D Report
10 Mexico Mexican Grand Prix United Kingdom Jim Clark United States Dan Gurney United States Richie Ginther Japan Honda G Report

Scoring system

[edit]

Points were awarded to the top six classified finishers. Only the best six results counted towards the championship.

The International Cup for F1 Manufacturers only counted the points of the highest-finishing driver for each race. Additionally, like the Drivers' Championship, only the best six results counted towards the cup.

Numbers without parentheses are championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored. Points were awarded in the following system:

Position  1st   2nd   3rd   4th   5th   6th 
Race 9 6 4 3 2 1
Source:[15]

World Drivers' Championship standings

[edit]
Pos. Driver RSA
South Africa
MON
Monaco
BEL
Belgium
FRA
France
GBR
United Kingdom
NED
Netherlands
GER
West Germany
ITA
Italy
USA
United States
MEX
Mexico
Pts.[a]
1 United Kingdom Jim Clark 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 Ret Ret 54
2 United Kingdom Graham Hill 3 1 (5) (5) 2 (4) 2 2 1 Ret 40 (47)
3 United Kingdom Jackie Stewart (6) 3 2 2 5 2 Ret 1 Ret Ret 33 (34)
4 United States Dan Gurney Ret 10 Ret 6 3 3 3 2 2 25
5 United Kingdom John Surtees 2 4 Ret 3 3 7 Ret Ret 17
6 Italy Lorenzo Bandini 15 2 9 8 Ret 9 6 4 4 8 13
7 United States Richie Ginther Ret 6 Ret Ret 6 14 7 1 11
8 United Kingdom Mike Spence 4 7 7 4 8 Ret 11 Ret 3 10
= New Zealand Bruce McLaren 5 5 3 Ret 10 Ret Ret 5 Ret Ret 10
10 Australia Jack Brabham 8 Ret 4 DNS 5 3 Ret 9
11 New Zealand Denny Hulme 8 4 Ret 5 Ret Ret 5
= Switzerland Jo Siffert 7 6 8 6 9 13 Ret Ret 11 4 5
13 Austria Jochen Rindt Ret DNQ 11 Ret 14 Ret 4 8 6 Ret 4
14 Mexico Pedro Rodríguez 5 7 2
= United States Ronnie Bucknum Ret Ret Ret Ret 13 5 2
= United Kingdom Richard Attwood Ret 14 13 12 Ret 6 10 6 2
Sweden Jo Bonnier Ret 7 Ret Ret 7 Ret 7 7 8 Ret 0
Australia Frank Gardner 12 Ret Ret 8 11 Ret Ret 0
United States Masten Gregory Ret 12 8 Ret 0
United Kingdom Bob Anderson NC 9 DNS 9 Ret Ret DNS 0
United Kingdom Innes Ireland 13 Ret Ret 10 9 Ret DNS 0
Australia Paul Hawkins 9 10 Ret 0
United States Bob Bondurant 9 Ret 0
South Africa Peter de Klerk 10 0
South Africa Tony Maggs 11 0
United Kingdom Ian Raby 11 DNQ 0
Mexico Moisés Solana 12 Ret 0
Belgium Lucien Bianchi 12 0
Italy Nino Vaccarella 12 0
Rhodesia Sam Tingle 13 0
Italy Roberto Bussinello DNQ 13 0
United Kingdom David Prophet 14 0
New Zealand Chris Amon Ret DNS Ret 0
Rhodesia John Love Ret 0
United Kingdom Mike Hailwood Ret 0
United Kingdom John Rhodes Ret 0
West Germany Gerhard Mitter Ret 0
Italy Giancarlo Baghetti Ret 0
Italy Geki Ret 0
Italy Giorgio Bassi Ret 0
Belgium Willy Mairesse DNS 0
United Kingdom Alan Rollinson DNS 0
Italy Ludovico Scarfiotti DNS 0
South Africa Trevor Blokdyk DNQ 0
South Africa Doug Serrurier DNQ 0
South Africa Neville Lederle DNQ 0
South Africa Brausch Niemann DNQ 0
South Africa Ernie Pieterse DNQ 0
United Kingdom Brian Gubby DNQ 0
South Africa Jackie Pretorius DNPQ 0
Rhodesia Clive Puzey DNPQ 0
South Africa Dave Charlton DNPQ 0
Pos. Driver RSA
South Africa
MON
Monaco
BEL
Belgium
FRA
France
GBR
United Kingdom
NED
Netherlands
GER
West Germany
ITA
Italy
USA
United States
MEX
Mexico
Pts.
Key
Colour Result
Gold Winner
Silver Second place
Bronze Third place
Green Other points position
Blue Other classified position
Not classified, finished (NC)
Purple Not classified, retired (Ret)
Red Did not qualify (DNQ)
Did not pre-qualify (DNPQ)
Black Disqualified (DSQ)
White Did not start (DNS)
Race cancelled (C)
Blank Did not practice (DNP)
Excluded (EX)
Did not arrive (DNA)
Withdrawn (WD)
Did not enter (cell empty)
Text formatting Meaning
Bold Pole position
Italics Fastest lap


International Cup for F1 Manufacturers standings

[edit]
Pos. Manufacturer RSA
South Africa
MON
Monaco
BEL
Belgium
FRA
France
GBR
United Kingdom
NED
Netherlands
GER
West Germany
ITA
Italy
USA
United States
MEX
Mexico
Pts.[a]
1 United Kingdom Lotus-Climax 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 10 12 (3) 54 (58)
2 United Kingdom BRM (3) 1 2 2 2 (2) (2) 1 1 Ret 45 (61)
3 United Kingdom Brabham-Climax 8 7 4 (4) (6) 3 3 3 2 2 27 (31)
4 Italy Ferrari 2 2 9 3 3 7 (6) 4 4 7 26 (27)
5 United Kingdom Cooper-Climax 5 5 3 Ret 10 Ret 4 5 6 Ret 14
6 Japan Honda Ret 6 Ret Ret 6 14 7 1 11
7 United Kingdom Brabham-BRM 7 6 8 6 8 11 Ret Ret 11 4 5
8 United Kingdom Lotus-BRM 11 Ret 13 Ret 13 10 Ret 6 10 6 2
United Kingdom Brabham-Ford 9 0
South Africa Alfa Special-Alfa Romeo 10 0
South Africa LDS-Alfa Romeo 13 0
United Kingdom Cooper-Ford DNQ DNS 0
South Africa LDS-Climax DNQ 0
United Kingdom Lotus-Ford DNQ 0
Pos. Manufacturer RSA
South Africa
MON
Monaco
BEL
Belgium
FRA
France
GBR
United Kingdom
NED
Netherlands
GER
West Germany
ITA
Italy
USA
United States
MEX
Mexico
Pts.
  • Bold results counted to championship totals.

Non-championship races

[edit]

Other Formula One races were also held in 1965, which did not count towards the World Championship. The last of them, the 1965 Rand Grand Prix, was the first Formula One race for cars with 3-litre engines.

Race Name Circuit Date Winning driver Constructor Report
South Africa II Cape South Easter Trophy Killarney 9 January Australia Paul Hawkins United Kingdom Brabham-Climax Report
United Kingdom I Race of Champions Brands Hatch 13 March United Kingdom Mike Spence United Kingdom Lotus-Climax Report
Italy XIV Syracuse Grand Prix Syracuse 4 April United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Lotus-Climax Report
United Kingdom I Sunday Mirror Trophy Goodwood 19 April United Kingdom Jim Clark United Kingdom Lotus-Climax Report
United Kingdom XVII BRDC International Trophy Silverstone 15 May United Kingdom Jackie Stewart United Kingdom BRM Report
Italy IV Mediterranean Grand Prix Pergusa 15 August Switzerland Jo Siffert United Kingdom Brabham-BRM Report
South Africa VIII Rand Grand Prix Kyalami 4 December Australia Jack Brabham United Kingdom Brabham-Climax Report

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Only the best 6 results counted towards the championship. Numbers without parentheses are championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "1965 Driver Standings". Formula1.com. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  2. ^ "1965 Constructor Standings". Formula1.com. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  3. ^ "Zeltweg 200 Miles". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  4. ^ Michael Tee (1 January 1965). "1965 South African Grand Prix race report: Clark peerless at season opener". Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  5. ^ Denis Jenkinson (30 May 1965). "1965 Monaco Grand Prix race report: Hill fights back". Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 16 July 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  6. ^ Denis Jenkinson (13 June 1965). "1965 Belgian Grand Prix race report: Clark weathers the storm at Spa". Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 16 July 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  7. ^ "The Volcanic Rush of Clermont Ferrand". speedhunters.com. August 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  8. ^ Denis Jenkinson (27 June 1965). "1965 French Grand Prix race report: A hat-trick of wins for Clark". Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  9. ^ Denis Jenkinson (10 July 1965). "1965 British Grand Prix race report - A close thing". Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  10. ^ Denis Jenkinson (18 July 1965). "1965 Dutch Grand Prix race report: Clark rules the dunes". Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  11. ^ Denis Jenkinson (1 August 1965). "1965 German Grand Prix race report: Clark king at the 'ring". Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  12. ^ Denis Jenkinson (12 September 1965). "1965 Italian Grand Prix race report: Debutant's delight". Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  13. ^ Michael Tee (3 October 1965). "1965 United States Grand Prix race report: Hill masterful at the Glen". Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  14. ^ Michael Tee (24 October 1965). "1965 Mexican Grand Prix race report: Ginther wraps it up". Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 2 June 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  15. ^ "World Championship points systems". 8W. Forix. 18 January 2019. Archived from the original on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
[edit]