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List of rulers of Gwynedd

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This is a list of the rulers of the Kingdom of Gwynedd. Many of them were also acclaimed "King of the Britons" or "Prince of Wales".

Traditional arms of the House of Aberffraw, rulers of the Kingdom of Gwynedd, attributed to Llywelyn the Great (d. 1240).

List of kings or princes of Gwynedd

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House of Cunedda

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With Hywel's death, all male descendants of Maelgwn Gwynedd have expired. Merfyn the Freckled succeeds through his mother Esyllt, eldest daughter of Cynan Dindaethwy and niece of Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog.

House of Manaw

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House of Aberffraw

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The warfare among the sons of Rhodri meant that the descendants of Anarawd became considered a separate house – called the House of Aberffraw from their principal seat – from the junior branches in Deheubarth and elsewhere:

House of Dinefwr

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House of Aberffraw

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Usurper

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House of Rhuddlan

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House of Aberffraw

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Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig
r. 1023–1039
Cynan ab Iago
d. 1060
Gruffydd ap Cynan
1055-1081-1137
Owain Gwynedd
1100-1137-1170
Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd
r. 1170
Iorwerth Drwyndwn
1145–1174
Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd
Prince 1170–1195
Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd
Prince 1170–1173
Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd
Prince 1170–1195
Llywelyn the Great
1173-1195-1240

House of Rhuddlan

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House of Mathrafal

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House of Aberffraw

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  • Gruffudd ap Cynan (1081–1137) (House of Aberffraw returns).[34]
  • Owain Gwynedd (1137–1170).[35]
  • Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd r. 1170; killed by his younger brother Dafydd ab Owain in a conspiracy hatched by his stepmother Cristin, dowager princess of Gwynedd, and her sons Dafydd and Rhodri ab Owain.[36]
  • Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd (the Usurper) (1170–1195), displaced elder brother Hywel ap Owain Gwynedd, but was himself displaced from Upper Gwynedd c. 1173 ruling only lower Gwynedd until displaced by Llywelyn ab Iorwerth in 1198. England recognized Dafydd as Prince of Gwynedd, though Welsh jurists did not.[37]
    • Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd (1175–1194, 1194–1195), Ruling upper Gwynedd and Ynys Mon until 1194 and then Ynys Mon solely from 1194–1195 until he was ousted by the sons of his brother Cynan.[38]
    • Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd (1170–1173), ruling Ynys Mon and supporter of his elder brother Hywel ap Owain's claim as Prince. After Hywel's death, Maelgwn was able to retain Ynys Mon from Dafydd the Usurper.[39]

Princes of Wales

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Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
(Llywelyn the Great)
1173-1195-1240
Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Iorwerth
1200–1244
Dafydd ap Llywelyn
1215-1240-1246
Owain Goch ap Gruffydd
d. 1282
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
1223-1246-1282
Dafydd ap Gruffydd
1238-1282-1283
Rhodri ap Gruffudd
1230–1315
Gwenllian of Wales
1282–1337
Llywelyn ap Dafydd
1267-1283-1287
Owain ap Dafydd
1265-1287-1325
Tomas ap Rhodri
1300-1325-1363
Owain Lawgoch
1330–1378

Pretenders

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Lloyd, John Edward (1959). "Cunedda Wledig, flourished 450, British prince". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  2. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 262.
  3. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 594.
  4. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 205.
  5. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 94.
  6. ^ Davies, William Hopkin (1959). "Maelgwn Gwynedd, (died c. 547) king of Gwynedd and monk". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  7. ^ a b Davies, William Hopkin (1959). "Rhun Ap Maelgwn Gwynedd, (fl. 550), ruler of north-west Wales". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  8. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 428.
  9. ^ Lloyd, John Edward (1959). "Cadfan (fl. 620), prince". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  10. ^ Lloyd, John Edward (1959). "Cadwallon (died 633), prince". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  11. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 81.
  12. ^ Lloyd, John Edward (1959). "Cadwaladr (died 664), prince". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  13. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 435.
  14. ^ "Rhodri Molwynog (died 754), king of Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales..
  15. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 115.
  16. ^ "Cynan Dindaethwy (died 816) Prince". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  17. ^ "Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog (died 825), king of Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  18. ^ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Merfyn Frych (died 844), king of Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  19. ^ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Rhodri Mawr ("the Great") (died 877), king of Gwynedd, Powys, and Deheubarth". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  20. ^ Lloyd, John Edward (1959). "Anarawd ap Rhodri (died 916), prince". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  21. ^ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Idwal Foel ("the Bald"; died 942), king of Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  22. ^ Williams, Stephan Joseph (1959). "Hywel Dda (Hywel the Good) (died 950), king and legislator". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  23. ^ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Iago ab Idwal Foel (died 1039), king of Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  24. ^ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Ieuaf (or Idwal) ab Idwal Foel (died 985), joint king of Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  25. ^ a b Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Hywel ap Ieuaf (died 985), king of Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  26. ^ "Maerdudd ab Owain ap Hywel Dda (died 999)". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  27. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 188.
  28. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 2.
  29. ^ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Llywelyn Ap Seisyll (died 1023), king of Deheubarth and Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  30. ^ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Iago ab Idwal Foel (died 1039), king of Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  31. ^ Hudson, Benjamin (1959). "Gruffudd ap Llywelyn (died 1064), king of Gwynedd 1039–1064 and overlord of all the Welsh 1055–1064". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  32. ^ "Bleddyn ap Cynfyn (died 1075) Prince". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  33. ^ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Trahaern Ap Caradog (died 1081), king of Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  34. ^ Parry, Thomas (1959). "Gruffudd ap Cynan (c. 1055–1137), king of Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  35. ^ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Owain Gwynedd (c. 1100–1170), king of Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  36. ^ Roderick, Arthur James (1959). "Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd (died 1170), soldier and poet". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  37. ^ Lloyd, John Edward (1959). "Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd (David I, died 1203), king of Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  38. ^ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Rhodri ab Owain (died 1195), a prince of Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  39. ^ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd (died after 1173), prince of Anglesey". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  40. ^ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Llywelyn ap Iorwerth ("Llywelyn the Great" often styled "Llywelyn I", prince of Gwynedd)". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  41. ^ Lloyd, John Edward (1959). "Dafydd ap Llywelyn (David II died 1246), Prince". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  42. ^ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Owain ap Gruffydd, or Owain Goch, (fl. 1260), a prince of Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  43. ^ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Llywelyn ap Gruffydd ("Llywelyn the Last" or Llywelyn II), Prince of Wales (died 1282)". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  44. ^ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Dafydd ap Gruffydd (David III died 1283), prince of Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales..
  45. ^ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Madog ap Llywelyn, rebel of 1294". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  46. ^ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Owain ap Thomas ap Rhodri ("Owain Lawgoch"; died 1378), a soldier of fortune and pretender to the principality of Wales". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.

Sources

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